the weaver

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `weaver's shuttle' (Il.); metaph. of comparable objects, e. g. `great bone of the leg, tibia' (A. R., Heroph. Med.), `wedge-shaped division of the seats in the theater' (hell.); as tree-name a. o. `asp, Populus tremula' (Arist., Thphr.). The meaning are discussed by R. Martin, REGr. 80 (1967) 319f.

Compounds: As 1. member in κερκιδοποιική ( τέχνη) `the art of a κερκιδοποιός' (Arist.); as 2. member in παρα-κερκίς f. `splint-bone' (Poll.).

Derivatives: Diminutives κερκίδιον (pap.); κερκιδιαῖον `wedge-shaped spool' (Attica); κερκίζω `use the weaver's shuttle' (Pl., Arist.) with κέρκισις `weaving' (Arist.), κερκιστική ( τέχνη) `art of weaving' (Pl.), κέρκιστρα n. pl. `weaver's wages' (pap.). Further also κερκάδαι pl. `the weavers', name of a society of weavers (Argos); cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 176.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Unknown. Diminutive of κέρκος (s. v.), in the original sense of *`stave, rod' (cf. Vendryes REGr. 25, 461). Not with Prellwitz to the group of κρέξ (after the humming of the weaver's shuttle). Techmical word that seems rather Pre-Greek.

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ἱστός, ὁ, ([etym.] ἵστημι)

A anything set upright:

I mast, ἱστὸν.. στῆσαν ἀείραντες they stepped the mast, Od.15.289, cf. Il.23.852, etc.;

ἱστοὺς στησάμενοι Od.9.77

. cf. Il.1.480;

ἱστὸν αἴρεσθαι X.HG6.2.29

; opp. καθαιρεῖν, κὰδ δ' ἕλον ἱστόν took it down, unstepped it, Od.15.496;

κεραία καὶ ἱ. IG22.657.14

: generally, rod, pole,

ἱστὸς χάλκεος Hdt.8.122

; beam, IG22.1672.306 (pl.).

II beam of a loom, which stood upright, instead of lying horizontal as in our looms; πόσσω κατέβα τοι ἀφ' ἱστῶ; (sc. τὸ ἐμπερόναμα) Theoc.15.35; later ἱ. ὄρθιος (opp. the horizontal loom), Artem.3.36: generally, loom,

ἱστόν τ' ἠλακάτην τε Il.6.491

, Schwyzer 180 ([place name] Crete), etc.; ἱ. στήσασθαι to set up the beam and so begin a web, Hes.Op. 779; ἱ. ἐποίχεσθαι to traverse the loom, because the weaver was obliged to walk to and fro, Il.1.31, Od.5.62.

2 warp fixed to the beam: hence, the web itself,

ἱστὸν ὕφαινε Il.3.125

, etc.;

ἠματίη μὲν ὑφαίνεσκεν μέγαν ἱ., νύκτας δ' ἀλλύεσκεν Od. 2.104

;

ἱ. μεταχειρίζεσθαι Pl.Phd. 84a

; ὁ ἐκτετμημένος ἱ. the web cut from the loom and finished, opp. ὁ πρὸς ἐκτομήν, Artem.l.c.; web of a certain size, piece, PHib.1.67.12 (iii B.C.), etc.;

ὀθονίων ἱ. τπρισχίλιοι Plb.5.89.2

;

τρεῖς ἱ. καθελεῖν Str.8.6.20

.

3 ἱ. ἀραχνᾶν spiders' webs, B.3.7.

4 comb of bees, Arist.HA 624a5.

III shinbone, leg, Opp.C.1.408.

IV a constellation, Aët.3.164.

κροτ-έω, poet. [full] κορτέω Hsch., cf. ἀνακροτέω: ([etym.] κρότος):—

A make to rattle, of horses, ὄχεα κροτέοντες rattling them along, Il.15.453, cf. h.Ap. 234.

II knock, strike,

λέβητας Hdt.6.58

;

θύρσῳ γῆν E.Ba. 188

;

τοῖς ἀγκῶσι τὰς πλευράς D.54.9

; τινα Plu.2.10d: sens. obsc., IG 12(7).414 (Amorgos, cf.

διακροτέω 1

):—[voice] Pass., to be beaten byrain, Ael. NA16.17.

2 clap in sign of applause, κ. τὰς χεῖρας, τὼ χεῖρε, Hdt. 2.60, X.Cyr.8.4.12;

ταῖς χερσί Thphr.Char.19.10

: abs., applaud, X.Smp.9.4, D.21.226, etc.;

ἐν θεάτρῳ Thphr.Char.11.3

: c.acc.,

κ. τινά D.L.7.173

:—[voice] Pass., Arist.Po. 1456a10 (sed leg. κρατεῖσθαι), Pl. Ax. 368d, etc.;

τέλειος ῥήτωρ καὶ κεκροτημένος Phld.Rh.2.128

S.; παρὰ Ὁμήρῳ κεκρότηται τὰ σώφρονα συμπόσια are commended, Ath.5.182a (sed leg. < συγ>κεκρ.).

b also in sign of disapproval, Plu.2.533a.

3 κ. ὀδόντας gnash the teeth, Archil.Supp.2.9.

4 of a smith, hammer, weld together, Luc.Lex.9: metaph., in [voice] Pass., to be wrought,

κεκρότηται χρυσέα κρηπίς Pi.Fr. 194

, cf. Lyc.888: hence ἐξ ἀπάτας κεκροτημένοι ἄνδρες one mass of trickery, Theoc.15.49; εὐθὺς τὸ πρῆγμα κροτείσθω 'strike while the iron is hot', AP10.20 ([place name] Adaeus).

5 rattle, clash,

χαλκώματα Plu.2.944b

: c. dat., κ. ὀστράκοις καὶ ψήφοις make a rattling noise with them, in order to collect a swarm of bees, Arist.HA 627a16;

κ. κυμβάλοις Luc.Alex.9

; satirically, ἡ τοῖς ὀστράκοις κροτοῦσα [Μοῦσ' Εὐριπίδου] Ar.Ra. 1306, cf. Ael.NA2.11.

6 strike the woof home with the weaver's sley, σινδόνες λίαν κεκροτημέναι close-woven, Str.15.1.67.

ἄγναφος, ον (Peripl. Eryth. c. 6; Moeris p. 31 under ἄκναπτον; Thom. Mag. p. 12, 14; PCairZen 92, 16 [III B.C.]; PHamb 10, 32. κιτῶνα [χιτῶνα] ἄγναφον: BGU 1666, 13 [I A.D.]; PLond II, 193 verso, 22 p. 246 [II A.D.]) pert. to cloth fresh from the weaver’s loom, not fulled, unshrunken, unsized, new (s. PMeyer on the Hamb. pap above) ἐπίβλημα ῥάκους ἀγνάφου a patch of new cloth (not to be transl. ‘unbleached’) Mt 9:16; Mk 2:21.—DELG s.v. κνάπτω. M-M.

πηνῖτις

the weaver: fem acc sg

πηνῖτις

the weaver: fem acc sg

πην-ῖτις, ιδος, ἡ,

A the weaver, i. e. Athena, Ael.NA6.57; [dialect] Dor. dat. [full] Πᾱνίτιδι cj. Mein. for - άτιδι in AP6.289 (Leon.).

Meaning: `stones of the weaver'

See also: s. λᾶας.

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γερδιος (accent unknown)

Grammatical information: m. (f.)

Meaning: `weaver' (pap. from II^a).

Other forms: also γέρδις

Compounds: γερδιοραβδιστής (pap.), γερδοποιόν (Gloss.).

Derivatives: Feminines γερδία ( Edict. Diocl.) and γερδίαινα (pap.). γερδιακός and γερδιών `weaving-shed' (pap.).

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Identical with Lat. gerdius (since Lucil.), further unknown. From Greek into Latin?. Hebr. girdā'ā `weaver' also from Greek acc. to H. Bauer in W.-Hofmann s. v. As the word is very late, a loan is probable. See Frisk III.

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① maker of stage properties (acc. to Pollux 7, 189 the Old Comedy used the word as a synonym for μηχανοποιός=either a ‘stagehand’ who moved stage properties [as Aristoph., Pax 174] or a ‘manufacturer of stage properties’. Associated terms include σκηνογράφος Diog. L. 2, 125 and σκηνογραφία Arist., Poet. 1449a and Polyb. 12, 28a, 1, in ref. to painting of stage scenery) Ac 18:3. But if one understands σκηνή not as ‘scene’ but as ‘tent’ and considers it improbable that Prisca, Aquila, and Paul would have practiced such a trade in the face of alleged religious objections (s. Schürer II 54–55 on Jewish attitudes towards theatrical productions), one would follow the traditional rendering

② tentmaker. This interpretation has long enjoyed favor (s. Lampe s.v.; REB, NRSV; Hemer, Acts 119, 233), but several considerations militate against it. The term σκηνοποιός is not used outside the Bible (and its influence), except for Pollux (above) and Herm. Wr. 516, 10f=Stob. I, 463, 7ff. There it appears as an adj. and in a figurative sense concerning production of a dwelling appropriate for the soul. The context therefore clearly indicates a structure as the primary component, but in the absence of such a qualifier in Ac 18:3 it is necessary to take account of words and expressions that similarly contain the terms σκηνή and ποιεῖν. A survey of usage indicates that σκηνή appears freq. as the obj. of ποιέω in the sense ‘pitch’ or ‘erect a tent’ (s. ποιέω 1a; act. σκηνοποιέω Is 13:20 Sym. οὐδὲ σκηνοποιήσει ἐκεῖ ῎ Αραψ; 22:15 Sym.; mid. σκηνοποιέομαι Aristot., Meteor. 348b, 35; Clearch., Fgm. 48 W.; Polyb. 14, 1, 7; Diod S 3, 27, 4; Ps.-Callisth. 2, 9, 8.—Cp. σκηνοποιί̈α Aeneas Tact. 8, 3; Polyb. 6, 28, 3; ins, RevArch 3, ’34, 40; and acc. to the text. trad. of Dt 31:10 as an alternate expr. for σκηνοπηγία.—Ex 26:1, it is granted, offers clear evidence of use of the non-compounded σκηνή + ποιέω in the sense ‘produce’ or ‘manufacture [not pitch] a tent’, but the context makes the meaning unmistakable; cp. Herodian 7, 2, 4 on the building of rude housing). Analogously σκηνοποιός would mean ‘one who pitches or erects tents’, linguistically a more probable option than that of ‘tentmaker’, but in the passages cited for σκηνοποιέω and σκηνοποιί̈α components in the context (cp. the case for provision of housing in the Hermetic pass.) clearly point to the denotation ‘pitching of tents’, whereas Ac 18:3 lacks such a clear qualifier. Moreover, it is questionable whether residents of nomadic areas would depend on specialists to assist in such a common task (s. Mt 17:4 par. where a related kind of independent enterprise is mentioned).—That Prisca, Aquila, and Paul might have been engaged in the preparation of parts for the production of a tent is also improbable, since such tasks would have been left to their hired help. That they might have been responsible for putting a tent together out of various pieces is ruled out by the availability of the term σκηνορράφος (Ael., VH 2, 1 et al.; Bull. Inst. Arch. Bulg. 8, 69) in the sense of stitching together (the verb ἐπιτελεῖν Hb 8:5 does not support such a view, for it is not an alternate expr. for ‘production’ of a tent but denotes ‘completion’ of a project, connoting a strong sense of religious commitment; see ἐπιτελέω 2) in which the component ῥαφ-provides an unmistakable qualifier.—In modern times more consideration has been given to identification of Paul’s trade as ‘leather-worker’, an interpretation favored by numerous versions and patristic writings (s. Zahn, AG, ad loc.; L-S-J-M Suppl., s.v., as replacement for their earlier ‘tentmaker’; Haenchen, ad loc., after JJeremias, ZNW 30, ’31; Hock, s. below). As such he would make tents and other products from leather (Hock [s. below] 21). But this and other efforts at more precise definition, such as weaver of tent-cloth (a view no longer in fashion) may transmit reflections of awareness of local practice in lieu of semantic precision.—In the absence of any use of the term σκηνοποιός, beyond the pass. in Pollux and the Herm. Wr., and the lack of specific qualifiers in the text of Ac 18:3, one is left with the strong probability that Luke’s publics in urban areas, where theatrical productions were in abundance, would think of σκηνοποιός in ref. to matters theatrical (s. 1). In addition, Ac 20:34; 1 Cor 4:12; 1 Th 2:9; 2 Th 3:8 indicate that Paul’s work was of a technical nature and was carried out in metropolitan areas, where there would be large demand for such kind of work. What publics in other areas might understand is subject to greater question, for the evidence is primarily anecdotal.—JWeiss, Das Urchristentum 1917, 135; FGrosheide, Παῦλος σκηνοποιός: TSt 35, 1917, 241f; Zahn, AG II 632, 10; 634; Billerb. II 745–47; Beginn. IV, 223; PLampe, BZ 31, ’87, 211–21; RHock, The Social Context of Paul’s Ministry: Tentmaking and Apostleship ’80.—M-M. TW.

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: Des. of several flat and oblong oblects, e.g. `tool of a weaver for striking the threads of the woof home, blade (of a sword), blade of an oar, spatula, flat rib (shoulder-blade?), spathe, espec. of the palm, stalk of the palm leaf, harroweeder' (Alc., IA.).

Derivatives: 1. σπαθ-ίς, - ίδος f. `spatula, garment of closely-woven cloth' (com., inscr.). 2. - ίας κτείς `flat rib' (Opp.). 3. - ίτης m. `palm wine' (Alex. Trall.; Redard 99). 4. - ινα pl. `garments' (Aq.), - ίνης m. `young deer', from the form of the horns (H., Eust., sch.; cf. ἐλαφίνης a. o.). 5. - άριος m. `guard (equipped with a σ.)' (Lyd., Cappadoc. inscr.), - αρία f. `fighting contest' (EM), - αρικόν n. `thin upper garment' (Sm.). 6. - άω, rarely w. δια-, ἐν-, κατα-, `to strike with a σ., to seal up, to hatch, to dissipate, to waste' (Ar., D., hell. a. late) with - ημα, - ησις, - ητός. 7. - ίζω ( περι- a. o.) `to stir up with a spatula' (Opp.) with - ίσματα σπαδονίσματα H.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Except for the stemformation σπάθη has been connected with the Germ. word for `spade', OS spado m., OE spade, spadu f., NHG. Spaten m., PGm. * spað-an, - ōn-, but the Greek word cannot be connected as the Germ. word had an ē (which implies a h₁, which would have given Gr. ε; see Pok. 980). Untenable on σπάθη Specht Ursprung 256 (θ from IE th). Hitt. išpatar `spear?, sprong ?' should better remain far; s. Kronasser 1, 283 w. lit. Further connection with a verb `draw in length' (s. σπάω; Persson Beitr. 1, 405ff.) seems possible (reserved WP. 2, 652f.). Lat. LW [loanword] spada, spatha, spatula s. W.-Hofmann s. vv. w. more details.

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κᾰνών, όνος, ὁ,

A straight rod, bar, esp. to keep a thing straight:

1 in pl., staves which preserved the shape of the shield, [ ἀσπίδα]

δύω κανόνεσσ' ἀραρυῖαν Il.13.407

, cf. 8.193, Them.Or.21.257a.

2 weaver's rod, to which alternate threads of the warp were attached, Il. 23.761, Ar.Th. 822 (anap.), Plu.2.156b, Nonn.D.37.631.

3 ruddled line used by masons or carpenters,

πύργους.. ὀρθοῖσιν ἔθεμεν κανόσιν E.Tr.6

;

βάθρα φοίνικι κανόνι.. ἡρμοσμένα Id.HF 945

; also

κ. λίθινος

rule, straight-edge,

IG12.313.113

, 373.217, al., cf. Pl.Phlb. 56b, X.Ages.10.2, AP11.120 ([place name] Callicter); ὥστε τέκτονος παρὰ στάθμην ἰόντος ὀρθοῦται κ. S.Fr.474.5;

κανόνα προσφέρειν Aeschin.3.199

;

ποιῶν ὀρθὰ πάντα πρὸς κανόνα IG7.3073.108

(Lebad., ii B. C.);

κανόνεσσι.. μετρήσασθαι A.R.1.724

, cf. Ar.Av. 1004; μολίβδινος κ., i.e. a flexible rule that cannot be depended on for straight measurement, Arist.EN 1137b31 (unless = κῦμα)

; κανόνα ποιῆσαι στρεβλόν Id.Rh. 1354a26

.

b ruler, AP6.63.2 (Damoch.).

c metaph.,

κανόνες καὶ πήχεις ἐπῶν Ar.Ra. 799

;

λαμπρὰ μὲν ἀκτὶς ἡλίου, κ. σαφής E.Supp. 650

.

4 beam or tongue of the balance,

στῆσαι ἐκ κανόνος AP11.334

, cf. Sch.Ar.Ra. 811.

5 curtain-rod, CharesFr. 4J.

6 in pl., reeds of a wind-organ, AP9.365 (Jul. Imp.).

7 bed-post, LXXJu.13.6.

8 in pl., poles from which the ancilia were suspended when carried, D.H.2.71.

9 pl., bars of a window, PSI5.547.9(iii B. C.).

10 in Music, monochord, κατατομὴ κανόνος, title of work by Euc., cf. Phld.Mus.p.100K., Ptol.Harm. 1.8, 2.12; ὀκτάχορδος, πεντεκαιδεκάχορδος κ., ib.2.2, 3.1 tit.

11 cross-bar of κιθάρα, Porph.inHarm.p.207.

II metaph., rule, standard,

κανόνι τοῦ καλοῦ μαθών E.Hec. 602

;

γνώμης πονηροῖς κανόσιν ἀναμετρούμενος τὸ σῶφρον Id.El.52

;

κανόνα προσάγειν Luc.Hist. Conscr.5

; of the law, Lycurg.9; ὁ σπουδαῖος.. ὥσπερ κ. καὶ μέτρον αὐτῶν (sc. καλῶν καὶ ἡδέων)

ὤν Arist.EN 1113a33

, cf. Arr.Epict.3.4.5;

τὴν ἐλευθερίαν καὶ τὸ μηδέν' ἔχειν δεσπότην αὑτῶν, ἃ τοῖς προτέροις Ἕλλησιν ὅροι τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἦσαν καὶ κανόνες D.18.296

;

ὡς κανόνι τῷ πάθει πᾶν ἀγαθὸν κρίνοντες Epicur.Ep.3p.63U.

; ὁ Ἐπικούρου κ. his treatise on Logic, Id.Fr.34, Damox.2.15; ὁ τῆς φιλοσοφίας κ. LXX 4 Ma.7.21: Κανόνες, οἱ, title of treatise by Democritus; of a philosophic principle, Dam.Pr. 312.

2 in Art, model, standard, ὁ κ., a statue by Polyclitus which furnished a model of proportions, Plin.HN34.55; also his treatise on the same, Chrysipp.Stoic.3.122 (adnot.); also in Literature,

Ἡρόδοτος τῆς Ἰάδος ἄριστος κ., Θουκυδίδης δὲ τῆς Ἀτθίδος D.H.Pomp.3

.

c of a person, severe critic, κ. scriptorum, Cic.Fam. 16.17.1.

3 Gramm., general rule, AB1180, Choerob.inTheod.2 p.xxi; paradigm,

οἱ κ. τῶν ὀνομάτων A.D.Adv. 141.25

.

b metrical scheme showing all possible forms of a verse, Heph.14.1, al.

4 in Astronomy and Chronology, table of dates,

κανόνες Χρονικοί Plu. Sol.27

; sg., κανών, ὁ, system of chronology, D.H.1.74.

b astrological table,

κανόνων καὶ εἰσόδων πήξεις Vett.Val.108.19

.

5 limit, boundary, expl. as τὸ μέτρον τοῦ πηδήματος, Poll.3.151.

b 'province', sphere of action, 2 Ep.Cor.10.15.

6 assessment for taxation, PLond.1.99.5 (iv A. D.), etc.; οἱ δεσποτικοὶ κ. the Imperial taxes, ib.234.9 (iv A. D.); ἰδιωτικὸς κ. POxy.2124.10 (iv A. D.).

7 tariff, Stud.Pal.20.143.5 (v/vi A. D.).

κερκίς, ίδος, ἡ,

A weaver's shuttle,

χαμαὶ δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε κ. Il.22.448

;

χρυσείῃ κερκίδ' ὕφαινεν Od.5.62

, cf. S.Ant. 976 (lyr.), Pl.Cra. 388a;

ἱστοῖς κερκίδα δινεύουσα E.Tr. 199

(lyr.);

κερκίσιν ἐφεστάναι Id.Hec. 363

;

φωνὴ κερκίδος S.Fr. 595

; κερκίδος ὕμνοις ib. 890 (lyr.);

κερκίδος ἀοιδοῦ E.Fr. 523

(lyr.): metaph., μήδεα ἀδαμαντίναις ὑφαίνεται κερκίσιν αἶσα Lyr.Adesp.ap.Stob.1.5.11.

II any taper rod, of wood, ivory, etc.; as,

1 peg, pin, used to rivet the μεσάβοιον to the ζυγός, Poll.1.252: hair-pin or comb, A.R.3.46.

2 measuringrod, AP11.267; gnomon of a dial (prob.), CIG 2681 ([place name] Iasus).

3 great bone of the leg, tibia, A.R.4.1520, Plu.Alex.45; = κνήμη, Heroph. ap.Ruf.Onom. 123, Poll.2.191.

b radius of the arm, ib. 142, Gal. UP2.13, al., Orib.47.6.1.

4 organ of the electric ray, Opp.H. 2.63.

5 rod for stirring liquids, Gal.12.683.

6 iron dowel, IG22.1668.52.

7 καμπύλοχοι κ., of ploughs, Orph.Fr.33.

III wedge-shaped division of the seats in the theatre,

περὶ τὴν ἐσχάτην.. κ. καθιζούσας θεωρεῖν Alex.41

, cf. Phld.Acad.Ind.p.26 M., LW 1586 ([place name] Aphrodisias).

2 tympanum or half-tympanum, IG42(1).102.89, 112 (Epid., iv B.C.).

IV aspen, Populus tremula, Arist.HA 595a2, Thphr.HP3.14.2.

2 Judas tree, Cercis Siliquastrum, ib.1.11.2.

3 white bryony, Bryonia cretica, Gal.14.186.

4 pine-cone, Sch.E.Hec. 1153, Hsch.

V kind of bird, Id.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to comb (oneself), to card, to shear' (Il.).

Other forms: ( πείκετε σ 316 a. πείκειν Hes. Op. 775 metr. length.), aor. πέξαι, - ασθαι.

Dialectal forms: Myc. poka \/pokē\/, Killen Par. del Pass. 17, 26ff., DELG.

Compounds: Also w. ἀπο-. Compp., z.B. πόκ-υφος m. `wool weaver' (pap. II<sup>a</sup>); εἰρο-πόκος (s. εἶρος), εὔ-ποκος `with fair wool' (A.); with referenc to the verb νεό-ποκος `newly shorn' ( μαλλός, S.).

Derivatives: 1. πόκος m. `plucked, shorn off sheep's wool, fleece' (Μ 451, hell.). ποκ-άριον ( Sammelb. III--IV<sup>p</sup>), - άδες pl. f. `lock or tuft of wool or hair' (Ar.), Πόκιος m. "shearing month", Locr. monthname (inscr.); verbs: ποκ-ίζομαι `to shear wool' (Theoc.) with - ισμός, - ιστί (pap.); - άζω `id.' (sch., Suid.); - όομαι `to be covered like with a fleece' (AP). 2. πόκτος m. `id.' ( Lyr. Adesp. 73, Hdn.), like φόρτος (Schwyzer 704 n. 6), if not to πεκτέω. 3. πέκος n. `id.' (An. Ox. 3, 358), πεῖκος ἔριον, ξάμμα H. (cf. πείκ-ετε, - ειν above). 4. πεκτήρ (Suid.), ποκτήρ (pap. II<sup>p</sup>; after πόκος) m. `shearer'. -- Enlarged form πεκ-τέω `id.' (Ar.; not πέκτω, Peruzzi Par. del Pass. 18, 396 n. 2); on the formation Schwyzer 705f. -- On κτείς s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [797] *peḱ- `pluck, card'

Etymology: Identical with Lith. pešù, pèšti `pluck, pull out, drew by the hairs'; the τ-enlargement in πεκτ-έω also in Lat. pectō `comb, card'; formal = Gerrn., e.g. OHG fehtan ' fech-ten' (prop. *'pluck each other'?). The very rare πέκος agrees phonetically with Lat. pecus n. `cattle, small cattle, sheep', which would be therefore a concretized verbal abstract (Porzig Satzinhalte 292; also Specht KZ 66, 36f.). The old widespread u-stem in Lat. pecu n., Germ., e.g. OHG fihu n., Skt. páśu- n., -úḥ m. etc. `cattle' is wanting in Greek; on the other hand πόκος is isolated, so prob. innovation. IE o -vowel also in Arm. asr, gen. asu `sheepwool, fleece' (IE *poḱu-). OWNo. fær, OSwed. fār n. `sheep', often equated with πόκος, is uncertain. -- Orig. meaning prob. `pluck, card', from where `shear, comb' (diff. Peruzzi Par. del Pass. l.c. n. 3 against Specht KZ 68, 206). -- WP. 2, 16f., Pok. 797, W.-Hofmann s. pectō and pecū, Fraenkel s. pèšti `pluck' w. further forms a. rich lit.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `row of thrumbs (on the loom), to which the threads of the warp are attached' (Ael. Dion. Fr. 440, Phot. 304, EM); exact construction unknown.

Derivatives: - καίρωσις (Poll. 7, 33, H.), after H. = τοῦ στήμονος οἱ σύνδεσμοι, collective abstract from *καιρόω `provide with καῖροι'; καίρωμα = καῖρος (Ael. Dion. l. c.) Chantraine Formation 187), also `texture' (Call. Fr. 295); καιρωτίδες (- ωστ(ρ)ίδες) `weaver' (Call. Fr. 356, H., Suid.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: - Note καιροσέων adjunct of ὀθονέων (η 107) for καιρουσσέων (on the explanation Wackernagel Unt. 84f. against Kretschmer, who Glotta 13, 249 sticks to his interpretation), gen. pl. of καιρόεσσα, m. καιρόεις prop. `provided with καῖροι'; exact meaning uncartain. - On καιρία, mostly κειρία (- η-, - ι-) s. v. Technical expression of unclear meaning, so etymologically difficult. Acc. to H. Petersson (s. Pok. 577f.) to Arm. sari-k'', pl. gen. sareac̣ `sling, rope', sard, instr. sardi-w `spider'. Albanian combination (to thur `twine, weave etc.' [?]) in Cimochowski Ling. Posn. 5, 194.

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κερκίσῑ, κέρκισις

plying the: fem dat sg (epic doric ionic aeolic)

κερκίς

weaver's shuttle: fem dat pl

κρέκω,

A weave,

ἴστον Sapph.90

;

πέπλους E.El. 542

.

2 strike a stringed instrument with the plectron,

μάγαδιν Diog.Ath.1.10

;

βάρβιτα D.H.7.72

: generally, play on any instrument,

αὐλόν Ar.Av. 682

(lyr.): less freq.c.dat.,

κρέκειν δόνακι APl.4.231

([place name] Anyte): c. acc. cogn.,

πηκτίδων ψαλμοῖς κ. ὕμνον Telest.5

;

λωτὸς ᾠδὰν κρέκει Pae.Delph.12

;

ἐν κιθάρᾳ νόμον ἔκρεκον AP9.584

.

3 of any sharp noise,

βοὴν πτεροῖς κ. Ar.Av. 772

(lyr.), cf. AP7.192 (Mnasalc.); κίσσα κρέξασα ἁρμονίαν ib. 191 (Arch.), cf. Hp. ap. Gal.19.114. (Cf. Onorse hraell (*hrahilaz) 'weaver's sley', Oe. hraegel 'dress', 'garment', perh. Lett. krekls 'shirt'.)

λῐνουργ-ός, όν,

A working flax, spinning or weaving,

γυνή Alex.35

.

II as Subst. λ., ὁ, linen-weaver, PMagd. 36.2 (iii B.C.), Str.3.4.9, PRyl.397.2 (iii A. D.), Cat.Cod.Astr.8(4).137;

συντεχνία λ. IGRom.3.896

([place name] Anazarba).

2 a kind of goose, Dionys.Av.3.23.

3 a kind of stone, Ps.-Plu.Fluv.22.3.

4 λινουργοί, οἱ, name given to the proletariate, D.Chr.34.21.